Despite occasional setbacks, xenophobic right-wing populism has become a fixed and no longer negligible factor in most European party systems. What strategies can the established parties of the left and centre-right use to oppose the further rise of right-wing populists? Are there or have there been effective answers to the populist-right political agitation in recent years? And how can ,especially the Social Democrat parties, react to the “threefold challenge” the success of the right-wing populists gives them?